stars and bars confederate flag

Amid the smoke and general chaos of battle, it was hard to distinguish the Confederate national flag, the "Stars and Bars," from the U. S. national flag, the "Stars and Stripes." Confederate Congressman William Porcher Miles suggested that the army have a . First National Confederate States of America Flag - Cotton. Though it hassome Black supporters, it remains shorthand for a defiant South and all that implies. Twitter. This would serve to show the world the South was truly sovereign. CONFEDERATE 1ST NATIONAL UNIT FLAGS IN SOUTH CAROLINA AND GEORGIA. Copy link. Historian Gaines M. Foster for Zcalo Public Square writes that its use was regional and tied to the memory of the war. (Toppling statues is a first step toward ending Confederate myths.). But as secession got underway, the Confederate States of America. [15], A monument in Louisburg, North Carolina, claims the "Stars and Bars" "was designed by a son of North Carolina / Orren Randolph Smith / and made under his direction by / Catherine Rebecca (Murphy) Winborne. President Jefferson Davis' inauguration took place under the 1861 state flag of Alabama, and the celebratory parade was led by a unit carrying the 1861 state flag of Georgia. The design of the Stars and Bars varied over the following two years. This firm, on open market purchases, supplied Confederate 1st national flags to at least seven units in the District of South Carolina between 8 August 1862 and 10 February 1863. This pattern was embellished with the same 13 white stars that the original flag had. The . The flag was adopted by the permanent congress on May 1, 1863. Kentucky), and even from Union states (such as New York). Miles had already designed a flag that later became known as the Confederate Battle Flag, and he favored his flag over the "Stars and Bars" proposal. The first flag was produced in rush, due to the date having already been selected to host an official flag-raising ceremony, W. P. Miles credited the speedy completion of the first "Stars and Bars" flag to "Fair and nimble fingers". (Physical symbols of white supremacy are coming down. [43], The Army of Northern Virginia battle flag assumed a prominent place post-war when it was adopted as the copyrighted emblem of the United Confederate Veterans. A white rectangle, one-and-a-half times as wide as it is tall, a red vertical stripe on the far right of the rectangle, a red quadrilateral in the canton, inside the canton is a blue saltire with white outlining, with thirteen white five-pointed stars of equal size inside the saltire. Jefferson Davis State Historic Site & Museum. Measures: 3 feet by 5 feet FLAG QUALITY AND USES Standard Quality Construction: Super-weave polyester - Our most popular quality level A young . This flag proposal was the first variant submitted by William T. Riddle of Eutaw, Alabama. However, Miles' flag was not well received by the rest of the Congress. For use of Confederate symbols in modern society and popular culture, see, Flags of the Confederate States of America. The flags were known as the "Stars and Bars&qu. In Texas, various lone star designs were used during the was for Texas Independence in 1836. Isnt the Rectangular battle flag really the Navy Jack? Beauregard and Joseph Johnston urged that a new Confederate flag be designed for battle. "[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29], The Confederate Congress debated whether the white field should have a blue stripe and whether it should be bordered in red. One of Earth's loneliest volcanoes holds an extraordinary secret. Native American Flags. [citation needed]. Unit abbreviations on two of the surviving flags were applied with separately cut and applied red cotton letters. Quick View. The ensign of the Confederate States Revenue Service, designed by Dr. H. P. Capers of South Carolina on April 10, 1861. But given the popular support for a flag similar to the U.S. flag ("the Stars and Stripes" originally established and designed in June 1777 during the Revolutionary War), the "Stars and Bars" design was approved by the committee.[17]. The Adopt-A-Flag Program was initiated. [ 1] The Stars and Bars flag was adopted March 4, 1861 in Montgomery, Alabama and raised over the dome of . The chairman was William Porcher Miles, who was also the Representative of South Carolina in the Confederate House of Representatives. The official version was to have the stars in a circle, with the number corresponding to the States actually admitted to the Confederacy. He also argued that the diagonal cross was "more Heraldric [sic] than Ecclesiastical, it being the 'saltire' of Heraldry, and significant of strength and progress. Smith, Louisburg", University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, "The Declarations of Causes of Seceding States", "Confederate battle flag: Separating the myths from facts", "Letter of Beauregard to Villere, April 24, 1863", "Birthplace of the Confederate Battle Flag", 37 New Historical Markers for Virginia's Roadways, "2008 Virginia Marker Dedication: Birthplace of the Confederate Battle Flag", North & South The Official Magazine of the Civil War Society, "Why the Confederate Flag Made a 20th Century Comeback", "Confederate flag removed: A history of the divisive symbol", "Trump keeps fighting a Confederate flag battle many supporters have conceded", "Majority Of Southerners Now View The Confederate Flag As A Racist Symbol, Poll Finds", "What the Confederate flag means in America today", "American Electorate Continues to Favor Leaving Confederate Relics in Place", "National Tracking Poll #2107045 / July 09-12, 2021 / Crosstabulation Results", Active autonomist and secessionist movements, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flags_of_the_Confederate_States_of_America&oldid=1142855463, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2023, Articles with incomplete citations from July 2020, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Wikipedia articles with style issues from July 2022, Pages using infobox flag with unknown parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2015, Articles needing additional references from September 2021, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Return to the Confederate Flags Home Page. In the early months of the War, the Confederate War Department relied exclusively on the patriotic effusion of the ladies of the South for the unit colors of the units that assembled in Richmond during the Spring and Summer of 1861. Georgia adopted a new state flag in 2000, which contained a small inset image of the 1956 flag, along with other historical flags. "[32], Regardless of who truly originated the Stainless Banner's design, whether by heeding Thompson's editorials or Beauregard's letter, the Confederate Congress officially adopted the Stainless Banner on May 1, 1863. Most famously, the "Bonnie Blue Flag" was used as an unofficial flag during the early months of 1861. There are over 140 flags in the collection of Memorial Hall, most of which are from Louisiana regiments. The third national flag of the Confederate States of America. A modification of that design was adopted on March 4, 1865, about a month before the end of the Read More symbolism of sovereignty Many Confederates disliked the Stars and Bars, seeing it as symbolic of a centralized federal power against which the Confederate states claimed to be seceding. The Flags of the Old Dominion Guards, 1st Louisiana Infantry (Dreuxs Battn.) But as secession got underway, the Confederate States of America adopted a flag that riffed off the Unions stars and stripes. STARS AND BARS Images of the first Confederate national flag with more than 13 stars. After the former was changed in 2001, the city of Trenton, Georgia has used a flag design nearly identical to the previous version with the battle flag. When a mob of armed insurgents flooded the U.S. Capitol on January 6, 2021, they brought an accessory: the Confederate battle flag. Adult Admission: Adult $10.00 Children (under the age of 14) $5:00. After the war, this design was adopted as the official flag of the United Confederate Veterans and today most people refer to as The Confederate Flag. Because of its similarity to the U.S. flag, the Stars and Bars was sometimes confused with the Stars and Stripes in the smoke of battle. The Dixiecrat-era fad flag stoked its sale on everything from T-shirts to mugs and bumper stickers. Heres why each season begins twice. Many soldiers wrote home about the ceremony and the impression the flag had upon them, the "fighting colors" boosting morale after the confusion at the Battle of First Manassas. The first Confederate national flag bore 7 stars representing the first seven states to secede from the U.S. and band together as the Confederate States of America: South Carolina, Mississippi . This flag, made of Merino, was raised by Letitia Tyler over the Alabama state capitol. The Confederate battle flag was born of necessity after the Battle of Bull Run. Van Dorn was relieved of command after the Battle of Corinth in 1862. Stock photos, 360 images, vectors and videos. What is wind chill, and how does it affect your body? [37] Also, Confederate regiments carried many other flags, which added to the possibility of confusion. The thirteen stars stand for the thirteen states that were part of the Confederacy. The thirteen stars stand for the thirteen states that were . Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. [44][45][46], The fledgling Confederate States Navy adopted and used several types of flags, banners, and pennants aboard all CSN ships: jacks, battle ensigns, and small boat ensigns, as well as commissioning pennants, designating flags, and signal flags. Its meaning has been a taboo for generations in the USA, as many believe it represents 'White Supremacy', pro-racism, slavery and hatred. Adopted by the provisional Confederate Congress in February of 1861, this was the first of three national Confederate flags. Flag officially used: September 1860 Summer, 1861, George P. Gilliss flag, also known as the Biderman Flag, the only Confederate flag captured in California (Sacramento). "Everybody wants a new Confederate flag," Bagby wrote. Their cantons bore eleven white, 5-pointed stars arranged in a circle. March 4, 1861 The first national flag of the Confederate States of America (the "Stars and Bars") is adopted. Although this design was never a national flag, it is the most commonly recognized symbol of the Confederacy. LEE. When the American Civil War broke out, the "Stars and Bars" confused the battlefield at the First Battle of Bull Run because of its similarity to the U.S. (or Union) flag, especially when it was hanging limp on its flagstaff. Solar max fabric also has a special UV resistance built right into the weave of the fabric to minimize sun fade and chemical deterioration. [31] Gray stated that the white field represented "purity, truth, and freedom. Although Tennessee did not join the Confederacy until the middle of 1861, four of its unit flags bore seven stars and another three had eight (all seven stars surrounding a central star). The "Stars and Bars" caused much confusion on the battlefield because of its similarity to the United States flag, the "Stars and Stripes." The Confederate Army never had an official battle flag. It was flying above the Confederate batteries that first opened fire on Fort Sumter in Charleston harbor, in South Carolina beginning the Civil War. 04 Mar 2023 21:30:08 It was not unusual to visit a Civil War reenactment and see the groups selling bowls of beans for $3.00 with the proceeds going toward the flag conservation program. If Miles had not been eager to conciliate the Southern Jews, his flag would have used the traditional upright "Saint George's Cross" (as used on the flag of England, a red cross on a white field). By 1863, it had become well-known and popular among those living in the Confederacy. Denounced as a hate symbol, the Confederate flag remains popular among white supremacists and Southerners who claim it as their heritage. Variant of the first national flag with 13 stars, The second national flag of the Confederate States of America. [54][55] A 2020 Quinnipiac poll showed that 55% of Southerners saw the Confederate flag as a symbol of racism, with a similar percentage for Americans as a whole. These include flags displayed in states; cities, towns and counties; schools, colleges and universities; private organizations and associations; and individuals. The Atlantic. That changed in 1948 with the Dixiecrats, or States Rights Democratic Party, a racist, pro-segregation splinterparty formed by Southern Democrats. Within the blue saltire were seven white stars, representing the current seven states of the Confederacy, two on each of the left arms, one of each of the right arms, and one in the middle. From the heartland of the Confederacy (Tennessee and Kentucky) 18 identified flags were surveyed. At a distance, the two national flags were hard to tell apart. How a zoo break-in changed the life of an owl called Flaco, Naked mole rats are fertile until they die, study finds. "[11], The flag is also known as the Stainless Banner, and the matter of the person behind its design remains a point of contention. They resemble too closely the dishonored 'Flag of Yankee Doodle' we imagine that the 'Battle Flag' will become the Southern Flag by popular acclaim." Many restored flags are always on display. Generals Beauregard and Johnston and Quartermaster General Cabell approved the 12-star Confederate Battle Flag's design at the Ratcliffe home, which served briefly as Beauregard's headquarters, near Fairfax Court House in September 1861. By the early 20th century, white Southerners had mythologized an imagined South that fought the war not to uphold slavery but to protect states rights and a genteel way of lifean idyll endangered by Northern aggression and interference. The Republic was short lived and soon dissolved. On 4 March 1861 the Confederate States of America adopted its first national flag, the "Stars and Bars", and raised it over the dome of the temporary capitol in Montgomery, Alabama.. For many on the receiving end of hundreds of years of racism, the Confederate battle flag embodies everything from hatred to personal intimidationa far cry from the sanitized Lost Cause narrative that helped fuel its rise. The Flag Act of 1865, passed by the Confederate congress near the very end of the War, describes the flag in the following language: The Congress of the Confederate States of America do enact, That the flag of the Confederate States shall be as follows: The width two-thirds of its length, with the union (now used as the battle flag) to be in width three-fifths of the width of the flag, and so proportioned as to leave the length of the field on the side of the union twice the width of the field below it; to have the ground red and a broad blue saltire thereon, bordered with white and emblazoned with mullets or five pointed stars, corresponding in number to that of the Confederate States; the field to be white, except the outer half from the union to be a red bar extending the width of the flag. Flag flown by Confederate Missouri regiments during the Vicksburg campaign. The original flag of the Confederate States of America, commonly known as the STARS AND BARS, was approved by the Congress of the Provisional Government of the Confederate States, and first hoisted over the capitol building in Montgomery, Alabama, on the afternoon of the 4th day of March, 1861. Our historical flags are unsurpassed in quality and authenticity. To this end, he proposed his own flag design featuring a blue saltire on white Fimbriation with a field of red. [47], The Second Confederate Navy Jack was a rectangular cousin of the Confederate Army's battle flag and was in use from 1863 until 1865. There were three bars on the flag, two red and one white, and thus the popular name "Stars and Bars." First Flag of the Confederate States of America, March 4, 1861 The seven stars represent the seven original states: South Carolina; Mississippi; Florida; Alabama; Georgia; Louisiana and Texas. As historian Caroline E. Janneynotes, the Lost Cause myth came about immediately after the war as Confederates struggled to come to terms with their defeat in a postwar climate of economic, racial, and social uncertainty.. In July 1944, one month after the Allies stormed the beaches of Normandy, the 79th Infantry Division drove Nazi troops out of the French town La Haye-du-Puits. The winner of the competition was Nicola Marschall's "Stars and Bars" flag. A crowd of white teenagers protest school integration in Montogmery, Alabama, in 1963. Rogers lobbied successfully to have this alteration introduced in the Confederate Senate. William Porcher Miles, however, was not really happy with any of the proposals. Stars and bars may refer to: Stars and Bars (flag), the first (1861-1863) flag of the Confederate States of America Stars and Bars (1988 film), 1988 comedy starring Daniel Day-Lewis Stars and Bars (1917 film), 1917 silent film comedy directed by Victor Heerman Photograph courtesy the Library of Congress, Photograph by Flip Schulke, CORBIS/Corbis/Getty, Photograph by Kris Graves, National Geographic. After images of the shooter, Dylann Roof, carrying Confederate battle flags emerged, multiple states bowed to pressure to remove them from memorials. The flags were initially prepared bore seven stars in a circle, but at least one 11 star example in the storm size is known with Vaughans markings. ", The square "battle flag" is also properly known as "the flag of the Army of Northern Virginia". E arly in the war, most regiments carried the Confederate First National flag (the "Stars and Bars") or their state's flag since the Confederacy did not have an official battle flag. Quick View. When their backs are against the wall, they turn to the flag, he says. The Confederate Congress specified that the new design be a white field "with the union (now used as the battle flag) to be a square of two-thirds the width of the flag, having the ground red; thereupon a broad saltire of blue, bordered with white, and emblazoned with mullets or five-pointed stars, corresponding in number to that of the Confederate States. Email. [58] A July 2021 Politico-Morning Consult poll of 1,996 registered voters reported that 47% viewed it as a symbol of Southern pride while 36% viewed it as a symbol of racism. Across the South, Citizens Councils and the Ku Klux Klanflew the battle flag as they intimidated Black citizens. The colors red, white and blue were symbolic of France, red and gold colors of Spain and 13 stripes of the United States. Bar, Cocktails, $ $$ Facebook. Amid the smoke and general chaos of battle, it was hard to distinguish the Confederate national flag, the "Stars and Bars," from the U. S. national flag, the "Stars and Stripes." Confederate Congressman William Porcher Miles suggested that the army have a distinct battle flag. Miles described his rejected national flag design to Beauregard. Hundreds of designs were submitted and on May 4, 1861, the First National Flag was adopted (there would eventually be two others). Not according to biology or history. It resembles the Yankee flag, and that is enough to make it unutterably detestable." [18] The "Stars and Bars" was also criticized on ideological grounds for its resemblance to the U.S. flag. Four camp colors or flank markers accompanied each of these national colors. Second national flag (May 1, 1863 March 4, 1865), 2:1 ratio, Second national flag (May 1, 1863 March 4, 1865), also used as the Confederate navy's ensign, 3:2 ratio, A 12-star variant of the Stainless Banner produced in, Variant captured following the Battle of Painesville, 1865, Third national flag (after March 4, 1865), Third national flag as commonly manufactured, with a square canton, This page was last edited on 4 March 2023, at 18:54. by the flag committee on March 4,1861. Congressional, Richmond, 4 Feb: A bill to establish the flag of the Confederate States was adopted without opposition, and the flag was displayed in the Capitol today. ", "Gen. Beauregard suggested the flag just adopted, or else a field of blue in place of the white." These authentic cotton flags are hard to find and may disappear at some point. The roughly 5,000-year-old human remains were found in graves from the Yamnaya culture, and the discovery may partially explain their rapid expansion throughout Europe. The Bonnie Blue gained popularity throughout the South through the song THE BONNIE BLUE FLAG written by Harry McCarthy in 1861. The trend continued with local reenactment groups raising the necessary funds to conserve flags. Marschall also designed the Confederate army uniform. Known as the Stars and Bars, the flag featured a white star for each Confederate state on a blue background, and three stripes, two red and one white. First flag with 7 stars(March 4 May 18, 1861), Flag with 11 stars(July 2 November 28, 1861), Last flag with 13 stars(November 28, 1861 May 1, 1863), The Confederacy's first official national flag, often called the Stars and Bars, flew from March 4, 1861, to May 1, 1863. Newsome was arrested, but state officials voted to remove the flag from the building the following month. "[40], According to Coski, the Saint Andrew's Cross (also used on the flag of Scotland as a white saltire on a blue field) had no special place in Southern iconography at the time. First variant of flag proposal by A. Bonand of Savannah, Georgia, Second variant of flag proposal by A. Bonand, Flag proposal submitted by the "Ladies of Charleston", First variant of flag proposal by L. P. Honour of Charleston, South Carolina, L. P. Honour's second variant of First national flag proposal, Confederate First national flag proposal by John Sansom of Alabama, William Porcher Miles' flag proposal, ancestor flag of the Confederate Battle Flag, John G. Gaines' First national flag proposal, Flag proposal by J. M. Jennings of Lowndesboro, Alabama, Flag proposal submitted by an unknown person of Louisville, Kentucky, One of three finalist designs examined by Congress on March 4, 1861, lost out to Stars and Bars, Second of three finalists in the Confederate First national flag competition, Confederate flag proposal by Mrs E. G. Carpenter of Cassville, Georgia, Confederate flag proposal by Thomas H. Hobbs of Chattanooga, Tennessee, Flag proposal by Eugene Wythe Baylor of Louisiana, Flag proposal submitted by "H" of South Carolina, A Confederate flag proposal by Hamilton Coupes that was submitted on February 1, 1861, The Confederate national flag proposal of Mrs Irene Riddle, wife of William T. Riddle of Eutaw, Alabama. When rebels fired on Fort Sumter in April 1861, theyflew a blue banner with a single white star called the Bonnie Blue Flag. The Confederate States of America used three national flags during the American Civil War from 1861 to 1865, known as the "Stars and Bars" (1861-1863), the "Stainless Banner" (1863-65), and the "Blood-Stained Banner" (1865). June 14, 2020. Confederate National flag of Fort McAllister, Confederate National Flag captured from Fort Jackson, Battle flag of the 11th Mississippi Infantry Regiment used at Antietam, Surrender flag of Army of Northern Virginia. The Dixiecrats adoption of the Confederate battle flag as a party symbol led to a surge in the banners popularity, and a flag fad spread from college campuses to Korean War battlefields and beyond. Save up to 30% when you upgrade to an image pack. The only change was a substitution of a red bar for one-half of the white field of the former flag, composing the flag's outer end. In the center of the union a circle of white stars corresponding in number with the States in the Confederacy. The first official use of the "Stainless Banner" was to drape the coffin of General Thomas J. Miles' flag lost out to the "Stars and Bars". Johnston also specified the various sizes to be used by different types of military units. BRIDESMAIDS Rejected Proposals for the Confederate Flag, Failed Contestants for the First Confederate Flag (February-March 1861), Proposals that Modified the flag of the United States, FINAL EDITION The Third Confederate National Flag, Photos and Images of Third Confederate National Flags, STAINLESS BANNER The Second Confederate National Flag, Photos and Images of Second Confederate National Flags, STARS AND BARS The First Confederate National Flag. Since it is known that Hayden & Whilden from Charleston provided eleven star unit flags for the Confederate Quartermasters Department, the number of eleven star flags made in this region undoubtedly was even larger. Can we bring a species back from the brink? In an effort to avoid the visual confusion, General Pierre Beauregardcommissioned a new battle flag design. Four flags with nine stars (eight around a center star) emanated from Louisiana but two also were made in Mississippi in the same style. The result was the square flag sometimes known as the . Realizing that they quickly needed a national banner to represent their sovereignty, the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States set up the Committee on Flag and Seal. As historian John M. Coski writes, Confederate heritage organizations insisted that the flag was rightfully theirs and stood only for the honor of their ancestors. At the same time, however, the symbol was publicly claimed by those who challenged Black peoples humanitypeople like Byron De La Beckwith, a Mississippi white supremacist who murdered civil rights activistMedgar Evers in 1963 and who wore a Confederate flag pin on hislapel throughout his 1994trial. Miles' flag and all the flag designs up to that point were rectangular ("oblong") in shape. On November 28, 1861, Confederate soldiers in General Robert E. Lee's newly reorganized Army of Northern Virginia received the new battle flags in ceremonies at Centreville and Manassas, Virginia, and carried them throughout the Civil War. This is the First National Flag of the Confederacy, the Stars and Bars. The very first national flag of the Confederacy was designed by Prussian artist Nicola Marschall in Marion, Alabama. In February of 1863 the purchase of these 1st national flags ceased when General Beauregard instituted the battle flag of the Army of Northern Virginia, as modified by Charlston Clothing Depot. The First National Flag of the Confederate States of America, 13 Stars and Bars Flag was used during the Civil War. Ships chandlers, Henry Vaughan in Mobile, Alabama and Hugh Vincent in Charleston, South Carolina, accepted orders to manufacture Confederate 1st national flags of these sizes. Heritage or no, the Confederate flag retains its associations with centuries of racial injustice. The flags that were actually produced by the Richmond Clothing Depot used the 1.5:1 ratio adopted for the Confederate navy's battle ensign, rather than the official 2:1 ratio. No seven star Confederate flags survive from these states. After the battle, General P. G. T. Beauregard wrote that he was "resolved then to have [our flag] changed if possible, or to adopt for my command a 'Battle flag', which would be Entirely different from any State or Federal flag". William Porcher Miles, a Confederate congressman and Beauregards aide-de-camp, designed it, borrowing an X-shaped pattern known as St. Andrews Cross and emblazoning it with one star for each seceding state. In 1956, prompted by the Supreme Courts Brown v. Board of Educationruling that declared segregation unconstitutional, Georgiaadopted a state flag that prominently incorporated the symbol. Interestingly, a significant number of Tennessee company and regimental 1st national flags were made of silk and were of very large size, often exceeding 8 feet on their flys. and the later Sons of Confederate Veterans, (S.C.V. The first national flag of the Confederacy with thirteen stars was used until May 1, 1863. STARS AND BARS Images of 13 Star versions of the first Confederate national flag. How did this mountain lion reach an uninhabited island? The similarity between the stars and bars and the stars and strips caused many cases of mistaken identity during the first battle of Manassas or Bull Run in July of 1861.

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