Whatever type of projected training aid used, it is essential for the content to be current and support the lesson, Use of projected materials requires planning and practice. The following four steps should be followed in the planning phase of preparation: Establishing the objective and desired outcomes, In all stages of preparing for the teaching lecture, the instructor should support any point to be covered with meaningful examples, comparisons, statistics, or testimony. Continental Flight 1943 was the only DC-9 to land gear up at KIAH in 1996. People skills are the ability to interact, talk, understand, empathize, and connect with people. He or she maintains currency in the subject matter being taught, as well as how to teach it by reading professional journals and other aviation publications, many of which can be viewed or purchased via the Internet, another source of valuable aviation information for professional instructors, As students advance, consider having them teach a topic to the instructor, to demonstrate their understanding and force them to dig deep into the details. The instructor begins by telling a story, showing a video clip, asking a question, or telling a joke. To be an effective instructor, it is important to determine which teaching methods best convey the information being taught, In the lecture method, the instructor delivers his knowledge via lectures to students who are more or less silent participants. If necessary, a public address system can be used to amplify the speakers voice. (Note that these same suggestions include many that are appropriate for planning cooperative learning, to be discussed later in the chapter. The following information provides a framework for successfully conducting the guided discussion, A guided discussion lesson is introduced in the same manner as the lecture. At the same time, it must be realized that a formal lecture is still to be preferred on some subjects and occasions, such as lectures introducing new subject matter, The instructor can achieve active student participation in the informal lecture through the use of questions. Efforts in this area pay great dividends in terms of quality of instruction. By using a lecture in this way, the instructor can offer students with varied backgrounds a common understanding of essential principles and facts. First, it will familiarize flight instructors with the FITS program, including its history, objectives, methods, and future goals. Instructors will find the following suggestions helpful in planning a discussion lesson. There are a number of professional development opportunities for aviation instructors, such as Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) seminars, industry conventions, professional organizations, and online classes. Open-ended questions of the type used in guided discussion lend themselves readily to concepts of risk management and ADM. The alert reader has already noted that the conditions and criteria changed slightly during the development of these objectives, and that is exactly the way it will occur. By listening to their discussion and questions, he can pinpoint problem areas and explain them more fully during the review of the solved problem, People skills also include the ability to interact respectfully with students, pick up when students are not following along, motivate students to learn, and adapt to the needs of the student when necessary. In a typical lesson, an effective instructor normally uses a combination of methods. Electronic information on computer networks and bulletin boards is from commercial providers, as well as community, state, and national government agencies. To achieve desired learning outcomes through the lecture method, an instructor needs considerable skill in speaking, As indicated in chapter 2, a students rate of retention drops off significantly after the first 10-15 minutes of a lecture and improves at the end. In addition, the coverage should be straightforward and factual so it is easy for students to remember and recall. On the fifth approach, at five miles from the runway, the pilot stated that both engines quit due to fuel exhaustion. Communication, discussed in Chapter 3, Effective Communication, underlies people skills. If, however, a response is desired from a specific individual, a direct question may be asked of that student. For example, the instructors voice, printed text, video cassettes, interactive computer programs, part-task trainers, flight training devices, or flight simulators, and numerous other types of training devices are considered training media, In school settings, instructors may become involved in the selection and preparation of instructional aids, but they often are already in place. As mentioned earlier, possession of a high level of technical knowledge does not equate to the ability to teach it. This results when the material is presented as an authentic problem in a situated environment that allows the learner to "make meaning" of the information based on his or her past experience and personal interpretation. It is actually a learned capability, which may be defined as knowledge, a skill, or an attitude. Each student essentially receives a customized learning experience, As mentioned earlier, CAL has become a popular training delivery method. When using CAL, the instructor should remain actively involved with the students by using close supervision, questions, examinations, quizzes, or guided discussions on the subject matter to constantly assess student progress, Simulation (the appearance of real life), role-playing (playing a specific role in the context of a real world situation), and video gaming have taken e-learning in new directions. More information on enhanced training materials is presented in chapter 6, Traditional aids in this group include slides, filmstrips, and transparencies for overhead projection. The pilot continued into the instrument conditions for about 30 minutes before asking Atlanta Approach Control for directions to the nearest airport for landing. Its versatility and effectiveness provide several advantages for most types of instruction. This overview can alleviate a significant source of uncertainty and frustration on the part of the student, As indicated in chapter 1, training objectives apply to all three domains of learningcognitive (knowledge), affective (attitudes, beliefs, values), and psychomotor (physical skills). He was wrong. Finally, lectures may be combined with other teaching methods to give added meaning and direction, The lecture method of teaching needs to be very flexible since it may be used in different ways. female attractiveness scale with pictures; osdi 2021 accepted papers All instructors who use test preparation publications should stress that these materials are not designed as stand-alone learning tools. In most instructional situations, the instructors explanation and demonstration activities are alternated with student performance efforts. Improper pilot decisions cause a significant percentage of all accidents, and the majority of fatal accidents in light single- and twin-engine aircraft. In its basic form, CAL is a combination of more than one instructional media, such as audio, text, graphics, and video (or film) usually shown on a PC, With CAL, the roles of both student and instructor change. Another important people skill used by effective instructors is to challenge students intellectually while supporting their efforts to learn. Numerous studies have attempted to determine how well instructional aids serve this purpose. The informal lecture includes active student participation. The instructors assessment may be informal and recorded only for the instructors own use in planning the next lesson for the students, or it may be formal. In the conclusion the instructor should tie together the various points or topics discussed, and show the relationships between the facts brought forth and the practical application of these facts. a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability bywho killed dr john yelenic. The rough draft should be carefully checked for technical accuracy, proper terminology, grammar, spelling, basic balance, clarity, and simplicity. The first of these phases is the students performance of the physical or mental skills that have been explained and demonstrated. By incorporating ADM and risk management into each lesson, the aviation instructor helps the student learn, develop, and reinforce the decision-making process which ultimately leads to sound judgment and good decision-making skills, Performance-based objectives are used to set measurable, reasonable standards that describe the desired performance of the student. This is a good indication that the original version was confusing to that person. Use flight deck technology in a safe and appropriate way, Be confident in a wide variety of flight situations, and, The teaching process organizes the material an instructor wishes to teach in such a way that the learner understands what is being taught. by It is a widely accepted belief in the aviation community that test items included as part of a test or evaluation should be both content valid and criterion valid. Just as a student can reread a section in a text, a student can review portions of a CAL program until it is understood. With advanced tracking features, CAL also can be used to test the students achievement, compare the results with past performance, and indicate the students weak or strong areas, For most aviation training, the computer should be thought of as a valuable instructional aidand entrusting an entire aviation training program to a computer is not practical. It is a realistic situation that allows the student to rehearse mentally for a situation and requires practical application of various bits of knowledge. Prior planning and rehearsal will help determine the important points and concepts that should be stressed, either during the presentation or as part of a summary. This research has revealed that effective instructors come in many forms, but they generally possess four essential teaching skills: people skills, subject matter expertise, management skills, and assessment skills. In a guided discussion, the instructor guides the discussion with the goal of reinforcing a learning objective related to the lesson. In this method, students observe the skill and then try to reproduce it. For example, the student controls the pace of instruction, reviews previous material, jumps forward, and receives instant feedback. best dj pool for old school music. Although the lecture method is useful in providing information, it is not an effective method of learning large amounts of information in a short time. The following paragraph is an example of one such accident, "The private pilot was on a visual flight rules (VFR) crosscountry flight when he began encountering instrument conditions. If it is a new flight maneuver, the student may be asked to perform the maneuver that has just been demonstrated. The terrain is flat farmland with no published obstacles, What will he do now? All aviation instructors shoulder an enormous responsibility because their students will ultimately be flying, servicing, or repairing aircraft, but flight instructors have the additional responsibilities of evaluating student pilots and making a decision of when they are ready to solo. The primary consideration in the lecture method, as in all other teaching methods, is the achievement of desired learning outcomes. Flight Instructor Responsibilities. Whenever possible, the instructor should use specific rather than general words. As the student progresses through higher levels of performance and understanding, the instructor should shift the training focus to decision-based training objectives. By symbolizing the factors involved, it is even possible to visualize abstract relationships, Instructors are frequently asked to teach more and more in a smaller time frame. Individual maintenance instructors, as well as publishers, have compiled lists of typical questions and projects. An effective instructor understands what can be realistically achieved within the allotted time, makes the best use of the time available, allows enough time for what must be done, preserves contingency time to handle the unexpected, and minimizes stress by not planning too much for the allotted time, Management skills also come into play for the aviation instructor who is teaching a class of students. Many scenarios were coupled to the maneuver until the student not only had the requisite skills, but also related them to many conditions where they would be needed. Upon arrival at the airport the student makes decisions (with guidance and feedback as necessary) to safely enter and fly the traffic pattern, Before the end of the instructional period, the instructor should review what has been covered during the lesson and require the students to demonstrate how well the lesson objectives have been met. (See Appendix F.) There are many definitions for PBL, but for the purposes of this handbook, it is defined as the type of learning environment in which lessons are structured in such a way as to confront students with problems encountered in real life that force them to reach real world solutions, PBL starts with a carefully constructed problem to which there is no single solution. In addition to its uses as a summary and transitional device, the interim summary may also be used to keep the group on the subject or to divert the discussion to another member, A guided discussion is closed by summarizing the material covered. Each part is required and must be stated in a way that leaves every reader with the same picture of the objective, how it is performed, and to what level of performance. Meaningful transition from one main point to another keeps the students oriented, aware of where they have been, and where they are going. The tendency toward unnecessarily distracting artwork also should be avoided, Instructional aids should appeal to the student and be based on sound principles of instructional design. Research indicates that students completing cooperative learning group tasks tend to have higher test scores, higher self-esteem, improved social skills, and greater comprehension of the subjects they are studying. The instructor may use an overhead question to pose the lead-off question. Revisions and alterations are easier to make at that time than after their completion. Assessment is explored in more detail in chapter 5, Instructional aids are devices that assist an instructor in the teaching-learning process. Instructional CDs and DVDs, in comparison, are perceived as much less exciting and less stimulating visually. A customer wants a tail strobe light installed on his Piper Cherokee 180. HOME; INTERIORS; EXTERIORS; OFFICE & PORTRAITS; PUBLICITY/EVENTS; CONSTRUCTION; INFO For example, the subsystems within a physical unit are relatively easy to relate to each other through the use of schematics or diagrams. The constant use of "What If?" The scale model represents an exact reproduction of the original, while simplified models do not represent reality in all details. FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR KNOWLEDGE REQUIREMENTS Applicants for the Flight Instructor Rating shall demonstrate their knowledge by writing Transport Canada multiple choice examinations on the subjects contained in this guide. Use of these questions and projects as part of the syllabus helps an instructor ensure that all subject areas for a particular class have been covered, There are many ways to incorporate design features in training materials in order to facilitate regulatory compliance, required endorsements, and recordkeeping. The instructor's role is to instill and eventually evaluate the comprehension and ability of the pilot in pursuit of a certification, rating, or license. Someone who teaches is, of course, a teacher or, for the purposes of this handbook, an instructor. For example, in developing a lesson on heading indicators, the instructor could begin with a discussion of the vacuumdriven heading indicator before proceeding to a description of the radio magnetic indicator (RMI), In some subjects, certain information or concepts are common to all who use the material. True performance as a professional is based on study and. With the display of an operating model, the students can observe how each part works in relation to the other parts. The most stressful aspect of becoming a flight instructor is usually passing . Usually the instructor has to interrupt the students efforts for corrections and further demonstrations. This is a useful technique for displaying dial indications or fitting several parts of a component together so relative motion can be simulated, With any projection equipment, instructors should ensure the projector does not obstruct the students line of sight. In all cases, a systematic plan of action requires the use of an appropriate training syllabus. In addition, FAA inspectors and designated examiners have found that student applicants often exhibit a lack of knowledge during oral questioning, even though many have easily passed the FAA knowledge test. Since much of the new technology is based on computer technology, instructors with well-developed computer skills are in demand, Although the explosion of training technology offers new opportunities, instructors must remember their main teaching goals and be selectively receptive to new possibilities. The discussions reflect whatever level of knowledge and experience the students have gained, The goal of guided discussions is to draw out what the students know. For example, the flight student may be asked to plan for the arrival at a specific nontowered airport. The revised performance-based objective may now read, "Using a sectional chart and a flight computer, plan a flight and fly from point A to point B in a Cessna 172.
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