[31] Arriving in Kashmir, Haidar installed as sultan the head of the Sayyid faction, Nazuk. His son Kshemagupta married Didda, daughter of Simharaja of Lohara. It covers the whole range of history in the Kashmir district from the earliest times to its synthesis. As the result of the decline in linguistic oriented approaches, Translation Studies witnessed a move towards a more descriptive and cultural direction in the 1990s. } It was translated into Persian by the orders of the later Muslim ruler Zain-ul-Abidin. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Sandhimati was selected by the citizens as the new ruler. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Verse 12. sfn error: no target: CITEREFBalochRafiq1998 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFSchimmel1980 (, Last edited on 23 February 2023, at 23:00, Baharistan-i-Shahi Chapter 3 EARLY SHAHMIRS, "Buddhism and Islam in Kashmir as Represented by Rjataragi Authors", "This book claims to expose the myths behind Kashmir's history. The relative His access to minute details of contemporary court intrigues was almost direct: his father and uncle were both in the Kashmir court. Book VII brings the narrative to the death of King Harsha (1101), and Book VIII deals with the stormy events between the death of Harsha and the stabilization of authority under Kalhanas contemporary Jayasimha (reigned 112849). Kalhana himself, notwithstanding, doesnt appear to have worked for any ruler. Kalhana was a poet. Total loading time: 0 For instance, Marcus Aurel Stein (1900) thought the way of talking and instructional pieces of the Rajatarangini that were in kvya style was essentially detached with the story legitimate, which was recorded, while Buhler arraigned the retreat to legend and fantasy as delivering the sequence of a huge piece of the message worthless and its creator suspect. His admittance to minute subtleties of contemporary court interests was practically immediate: his dad and uncle were both in the Kashmir court. thirty journals, primarily in the humanities and social sciences, though it Kalhana states that Lalitaditya Muktapida conquered the tribes of the north and after defeating the. [17], Shihabud-din was also a great administrator who governed his kingdom with firmness and justice. Rajatharangini ; Vidwan T.K. Subscriber Only Stories View All Buy 2-year plan with SD20 code for special price This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. A Persian translation of Rajatarangini was commissioned by Zain-ul-Abidin, who ruled Kashmir in the 15th century CE. The. [19][21] Scholars caution against accepting the allegations at face value and attributing them solely to religious bigotry. Who translated Mahabharata and Rajatarangini into Persian? The Hindu Centre for Politics and Public Policy, Supreme Court forms expert panel to probe any regulatory failure on Adani issue, India makes renewed push for consensus at G20 Foreign Ministers meeting, Hindenburg Research report on Adani Group | Supreme Court verdict on expert committee on March 2, High debt on Vedanta books puts investors on tenterhooks, Employees Provident Fund: How to activate UAN online, 1947: Madras Devadasis (Prevention of Dedication) Act passed, RMA 0-1 FCB, El Clasico highlights: Barcelona leads on aggregate after beating Real Madrid courtesy of a Militao own goal. Thus (IV.678) is Book IV verse 678. Rajatarangini, which consists of 7,826 verses, is divided into eight books. Wife of Damodara. Eventually a Pratapaditya, a relative of Vikrmaditya (not the Shakari) became king (II.6). Barring a successful invasion of Ladakh, Sikandar did not annex any new territory. What internet mobs don't understand about Urdu - The Indian Express In those authorities, Abul Fazl interpreted Ramayana into Persian. What was the name of Persian translation of Rajatarangini? Rajatarangini was composed by Kalhana, scion of a noble family of Kashmir. Rajatarangini, which Mulla Abd al-Qadir Badauni translated into Persian at Akbars Medieval Literature | PDF | Persian Literature | Mughal Empire - Scribd No examples found, consider adding one please. Kalhana () (c. 12th century CE), a Kashmiri Brahmin, was the author of Rajatarangini, and is regarded as Kashmir's first historian. Gave lands to Brahmins. Learn about the life of Vallabhacharya, a great saint and philosopher. In 1574, Akbar started an Maktab Khana or a house of translation works in his new capital of Fatehpur Sikri. Like the Shahnameh is to Persia, the Rajatarangini is to Kashmir. It does not store any personal data. Kalhana also states that this king had adopted the doctrine of Jina, constructed stupas and Shiva temples, and appeased Bhutesha (Shiva) to obtain his son Jalauka. Expelled several irreligious Brahmins who used to eat garlic (non-. issues of East, South, and Southeast Asia, as well as a large book review During Akbar's time the Ramayana and Mahabharata were also translated into Persian. Sandhimati remained in prison for 10years. Concerning past occasions, Kalhana wrote that the material was genuinely picky. Match words . Translation of "puhdas" into Persian . Zain-ul-Abidin is also called as Akbar of Kashmir and Shahjahan of Kashmir on account of religion and development respectively. Look through examples of translation in sentences, listen to pronunciation and learn grammar. Among the renowned translations of the work in later years were those by Aurel Stein in 1900 and by Ranjit S. Pandit in 1935, the latter with a Foreword by Jawaharlal Nehru. The work consists of 7826 verses, which are divided into eight books called Tarangas (waves). Rajatarangini, (Sanskrit: "River of Kings") historical chronicle of early India, written in Sanskrit verse by the Kashmiri Brahman Kalhana in 1148, that is justifiably considered to be the best and most authentic work of its kind. [6], On the other hand, the 15th century Kashmiri historian Jonaraja, writing in the court of Shah Mir's descendant Budshah, states that Shah Mir came to Kashmir along with his tribe from the country of Panchagahvara (identified as the Panjgabbar valley between Rajouri and Budhal). In this article, we will learn about the great ruler, Razia sultan, and the monument, Alai Darwaza. He is most remembered for his Advaita Vedantist text, the Dasbodh. Researchers who showed up at this portrayal of the Rajatarangini as the first work of history, the last referenced drawing out the basic release of the Rajatarangini and its full English interpretation, which is perused right up til the present time. Kalhana relates that Lalitaditya Muktapida invaded the tribes of the north and after defeating the Kambojas, he immediately faced the Tusharas. In this backdrop, the Malayalam translation called Raman Menons translation bears the signature of his scholarly skills, derived from mastery of both Sanskrit and Malayalam. Rajatarangini ("The River of Kings") is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western part of India, particularly the kings of Kashmir. Kalhana was excellently equipped for the work. It covers the whole range of history in the Kashmir district from the earliest times to the date of its synthesis. He wanted his court poets to interpret the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana, and Mahabharata into the Persian language. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Daulat Khan Lodi, Rana Sangam Singh, Zahiruddin Mohammad, Turkish and more. Gopikrishna Shastri (Ujjain) also translated the work into. Because of this, the Nga chief burnt down the king's city, and the king died in the fire. Son of Vajraditya II and Mangjarika. It describes almost two centuries of the old and early middle age history of the Valley. After a young son of Yashaskara, Pravaragupta, a Divira (clerk), became king. Sikander Lodi was succeeded on the throne in 1489. [6], Son of Shreshtasena, assisted by his brother and co-regent Toramana. Hiranya died childless. The chronicles only start to align with other evidence by book IV. He was deposed by rebellious ministers, and granted asylum by a neighboring king. Answer: [C] Jonaraja Notes: Sultan Sikandar established a department to translate Sanskrit works into Persia and vice versa in Kashmir. In 1546, after Humayun recovered Kabul, Haidar removed Nazuk Shah and struck coins in the name of the Mughal emperor. His flatters instigated him against his minister Sandhimati. [28] He was defeated by Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin at Thanna with the help of Jasrath Khokhar, a chieftain from Pothohar Plateau. [14], Shah Mir worked to establish Islam in Kashmir and was aided by his descendant rulers, specially Sikandar Butshikan. Deposed his half-brother to become the king, but died after a week. PDF Translating the Past: Rethinking 'Rajatarangini' Narratives in - JSTOR The version was entitled Behr-ul-Asmar, (or the sea of tales). The Hindi translation of Pandeya Ram Tej is another well-acclaimed book. Abul Fazl translated into Persian many outstanding Sanskrit works, such as, the. The Rajataringini provides the earliest source on Kashmir that can be labeled as a "historical" text on this region. Learn about a brief history of Adi Shankaracharya, one of the most revered teachers in India's spiritual history. Uchchala's brother; ascended throne with Gargachandra's support, Harsha's grandson, who had escaped Uchchala's revolt. Answer. The broad valley of Kashmir, also spelled Cashmere[2] is almost completely surrounded by the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal range. Postmodernism refers to mid to late 20th century. But his traditional conceptual framework, using uncritical assumptions and a belief in the role of the poet as an exponent of moral maxims, makes the idealizing content in his narrative, particularly for the early period, rather dominant. And for another, Sarvagnana Peetha in Srinagar where Shankaracharya was enthroned is the one mystic chord of tradition that has endured in the Keralite imagination of Kashmir. Deccan education society is an organization which runs 43 education establishments in Maharastra, Pune founded by Bal Gangadhar Tilak. He was a vyavahari (perhaps merchant) who along with others who owned villages like him had set up little kingdoms during the last days of Karkotas. Nevertheless, multiple scholars identify Kalhana's Ashoka with the Mauryan emperor Ashoka. Corrections? Utkarsha was imprisoned and committed suicide. Manipulation in Dubbing: The Translation of English-language Films into Historian A. Q. Rafiqi states that some Persian chronicles of Kashmir describe Shah Mir as a descendant of the rulers of Swat. Concerning past occasions. Despite these stated principles, Kalhana's work is also full of legends and inconsistencies (see Historical reliability below). He brought back the Brahmans who had fled from Kashmir following the treachery of Mirza. Son of Vijaya: his "long arms reached to his knees". Answer. 2 What was the name of Persian translation of Rajatarangini? In 1574 Akbar started a Maktab Khana or a house of translation works in Fatehpur Sikri. This quarterly has been published regularly since According to Jonaraja, Shah Mir was the descendant of Partha (Arjuna) of Mahabharata fame. His Dvity Rjataragin can be a continu Answer. In fact, the history of Kashmir was continued, along Kalhanas line, down to some years after the annexation of Kashmir by the Mughal emperor Akbar (1586) in the following works: Rajatarangini (by Jonaraja), Jainatarangini (by Shrivara), and Rajavalipataka (by Prajyabhatta and Shuka). Researchers who showed up at this portrayal of the Rajatarangini as the first work of history, the last referenced drawing out the basic release of the Rajatarangini and its full English interpretation, which is perused right up til the present time. Uninvolved by and by in the frenzy of contemporary legislative issues, he was significantly impacted by it and expressed the accompanying. By looking at the inscriptions recording the consecretations of temples and grants by former kings, at laudatory inscriptions and at written works, the trouble arising from many errors has been overcome. What literary period is the beat generation aligned with? was Abul Fazl translated the Panch Tantra (Anwar-i-Sahili) and Faizi the story of NalDamayanti into Persian. Kashmira Kerala paryanthaamganatantrenashasssitam, Rakshayantujanaasarve, ekachhatramimaammaheem (From Kashmir to Kerala extending and governed by democracy, may all the people protect this lands sovereign unity). The Lohara family was founded by a Nara of Darvabhisara (IV.712). Answer: Kalhana was the author of Rajatarangini (River of Kings), an account of the history of Kashmir. Toramana is clearly the Huna king of that name, but his father Mihirakula is given a date 700 years earlier. 2011 Duke University Press The Rajatarangini was written in Sanskrit by Kalhana, who was a Kashmiri Brahmin. Rajatarangini was translated into Persian by Zain-ul-Abidin order. [20], Despite the value that historians have placed on Kalhana's work, there is little evidence of authenticity in the earlier books of Rajatarangini. for primarily professional audiences (e.g., in law or medicine). Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. [5] The total reign of the following kings is mentioned as 1266 years. Introduction: The Rajatarangini (in a real sense, River of Kings) is an awe-inspiring sonnet (mahakavya/prabandha) created in the old style language, Sanskrit, in 114850 in Kashmir (part of the advanced territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India).Kalhana is said to have been the child of a previous clergyman by the name of Cempaka in the court of a Kashmiri ruler, Harsha. Defeated the Tantrins with help of Damara feudal lords. Made king by Sukhavarman, the son of Utpala. Her son was Chippatajayapida. There are several discrepancies between the Ashoka mentioned in Kalhana's account and the Mauryan emperor Ashoka. [4] It is known, however, that Mihirakula was the son of Toramana. Does adding salt to water increase conductivity? During the reign of Zain-ul-Abideen, the eighth Sultan of Kashmir, Mulla Ahmad translated Kalhana's Rajatarangini into Persian. Who translated Rajatarangini in Kashmiri? European Orientalist researchers who concentrated on the text from the mid-nineteenth century onwards called the Rajatarangini the solo work of history legitimate to rise out of old India. puhdas in Persian - Finnish-Persian Dictionary | Glosbe If you are already a registered user of The Hindu and logged in, you may continue to engage with our articles. The Tusharas did not give a fight but fled to the mountain ranges leaving their horses in the battle field. It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions Son of Lalitaditya and Kamaladevi. Cite earlier authors: The oldest extensive works containing the royal chronicles [of Kashmir] have become fragmentary in consequence of [the appearance of] Suvrata's composition, who condensed them in order that (their substance) might be easily remembered. Jonaraja became a Kashmiri antiquarian and Sanskrit writer. The Shah Mir dynasty was a dynasty that ruled the region of Kashmir in the Indian subcontinent. The Journal of Asian Studies The only significance of his rule is that the Sufi saint Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani arrived at Kashmir in his reign. She was pregnant at the time of her husband's death, and Krishna helped her ascend the throne. Sanskrit is a Indo-Aryan part of the Indo-European dialects. The long and arduous journey of the great saint across the country to Kashmir, punctuated by philosophical debates with peers and concurrent composition of immortal commentaries on the Hindu texts, is part of Indias sacred history. In his old age, the childless king ordered killing of Sandhimati to prevent any chance of him becoming a king. A virtuous king, he was seduced and killed by a woman named Vatta, along with several of his sons and grandsons. [5] Some of the kings and dynasties can be identified with inscriptions and the histories of the empires that periodically included the Kashmir valley, but for long periods the Rajatarangini is the only source. Belonged to a different family from Lava's dynasty (I.95), Known for constructing a canal named Suvarnamani, Great-grandson of Shakuni and son of Shachinara's first cousin. that Shah Mir traced his descent to Arjuna, the basis of their account being Jonarajas The Maurya Empire was a geographically extensive and powerful political and military empire in ancient India, founded by, After a Damodara ("of Ashoka's kula or another"), we have Hushka, Jushka and Kanishka (127147 CE) of the. Answer: It is court chronicle that deals with the history of rulers of Kashmir. university presses. Son of Hiranyakula. [15], Sultan Shamsu'd-Din Shah was succeeded by his elder son Sultan Jamshid who ruled for a year and two months. [22] His policies, like with the previous Hindu rulers, were likely meant to gain access to the immense wealth controlled by Brahminical institutions;[23][22][24] further, Jonaraja's polemics stemmed, atleast in part, from his aversion to the slow disintegration of caste society under Islamic influence. This refers to the fact that the power had passed to the brothers of a queen, who was born in a family of spirit-distillers. Salhana was deposed and imprisoned. The Himalayan area of Kashmir is an intermontane valley shaped by the stream Jhelum (antiquated name Vitasta), a feeder of the waterway Indus. Kalhaa's account also states that the city of Srinagar was founded by the Mauryan emperor, Ashoka, and that Buddhism reached the Kashmir valley during this period. It emerged in South Asia after its ancestor dialects were subtle there from the northwest inside the overdue Bronze Ag. He filled his court with, Shreshtasena (Pravarasena I / Tungjina II), According to Kalhana, the emperor Vikramditya (alias Harsha) of, Younger brother of Vikramaditya. After an Abhimanyu, we come to the main Gonandiya dynasty, founded by Gonanda III. Please abide by our community guidelines for posting your comments. rajatarangini of kalhana vol iv - dr. raghunath singh_part3, rajatarangini of kalhana vol ii - dr. raghunath singh_part3, rajatarangini - shri ramtej shastri pandey_part3. in Persian - Gilaki-Persian Dictionary | Glosbe In 1574, Akbar established a translation bureau (maktab khana) at his capital of Fatehpur Sikri. This king is identified by some with Huna ruler Toramana, although his successor Mihirakula is placed much earlier by Kalhana.[12]. Rajatarangini, paintings of Kalhana written by a 12th ce Answer. The serial will be aired on Doordarshan in 2006. Rajatharangini promises to arouse a great deal of interest among readers. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Rajatarangini was translated into Persian by Zain-ul-Abidin order. Get answers to the most common queries related to the Railway Examination Preparation. . The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Rajatarangini - Rajatarangini.pdf - [PDF Document] They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. The Karkota line came to a close with the usurpation of the throne by Avantivarman, who started the Utpala dynasty in 855. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Rajatarangini. Son of Sangramapida II. He wrote the work in Sanskrit between 1148 and 1149. [20][18][19] Economic condition was decent. He endorsed the work to a few officials to make translations of the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana and Mahabharata into the Persian language. Devout Shaivite. He was a great-grandson of a Viradeva, a Kutumbi (V.469). This refers to the fact that the power had passed to the brothers of a queen, who was born in a family of spirit-distillers. [5], Kalhana mentions that Gonanda I ascended the throne in 653 Kali calendar era. TranslationsRajatarangini was translated into Persian by Zain-ul-Abidin order.There are four English translations of Rjatarangi by: Ranjit Sitaram Pandit Horace Hayman Wilson, secretary of The Asiatic Society of Bengal in the early 19th century, and the first English. In that officials, Abdul Fazi translated Ramayana into Persian.
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